There are two tribes in the jungle. The truth tellers always tell the truth and the liars always lie. A scientist comes to a fork in the road. He knows that the truth tellers' tribe is in one direction and the liars' tribe is in the other direction. But he does not know which direction is the truth teller’s tribe.
There is a native sitting at the intersection of the roads. The scientist does not know whether this native is a truth teller or a liar. The scientist may ask the native one and only one question to determine the direction to the truth tellers’ tribe (or the liars' tribe).
You may ask one question only of the native. His answer must tell
you the direction to the truth teller's tribe and the liar's tribe.
One answer: Ask him simply ”which way to your tribe."
There are only two possibilities. Check each one. One, the native
is a truth teller. He points to the truth teller tribe. Possibility two is that he is a liar. In this case, he also points to the truth teller tribe, right?
In either case, you get the direction to the truth teller tribe, and you know the other way is the liar's tribe. So, you don't need to know whether
he is a truth teller or a liar.